In a time when people are living longer, but with more complex healthcare needs, GPs are increasingly using social prescribing to help manage conditions.
The practice involves prescribing non-medical, community or social activities via a link worker – and the current UK Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, has stated that social prescribing is a priority and will be available in every GP practice by 2024.
But researchers agree there is not enough evidence on what works, for whom and why. Now a new study by the Universities of Plymouth and Exeter has started to shed light on the subject.
The research, published in the journal Health and Social Care in the Community, highlights the fact that social prescribing is not a single intervention but a series of relationships, all of which need to function. It also highlights the vital role of a link worker in ensuring that the social prescribing process has the best chance of success.
The research took the form of a realist review: identifying existing studies and developing ‘if-then’ statements to ascertain how social prescribing models are expected to work, then clarifying these mechanisms with broader evidence.
Lead author Dr Kerryn Husk, Senior Research Fellow at the University of Plymouth and supported by PenARC – the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula – said: “Given the significant popularity of social prescribing we need more evidence on what works. It’s not a case of ‘one size fits all’ or even ‘x intervention will work for y person’, it’s a case of examining the process as a whole and ensuring that everyone is aware of the key components to give an intervention the best chance of success.
“I think the most important finding from our review was that the role of the link worker is really important to stop the process from being disrupted. If their involvement or engagement with the patient is diminished, it affects the success of the whole.
“There is more work to be done in finding evidence for the success of social prescribing, especially as many more GPs in England are starting to utilise it within their work.
“It’s a long and complex road that is vital to understand if the health service wants to work towards patient-centred care, but it’s a subject we’re definitely keen on pursuing as part of our work in the Community and Primary Care Research Group at the University of Plymouth.”
Co-author, Dr Iain Lang, Senior Lecturer in Public Health with PenARC at the University of Exeter said “Social prescribing is growing in popularity as a way to help people improve their health without relying on medication. In this study we’ve found that it can work, but that having a link worker, someone to connect everything together, can be important. These findings will help to make sure people get the care that helps them the most and, in relation to social prescribing, this is a really important step forward.”
The full study, entitled What approaches to social prescribing work, for whom, and in what circumstances? A realist review, is available to view now in the journal Health and Social Care in the Community (doi: 10.1111/hsc.12839).
Find out more about PenARC’s research into Social Prescribing